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论文编号:WLX083 字数:6848,页数:19摘 要 数据处理的要求有两个，即给出被测量真值的最佳估计值和给出真值最佳估计值的可靠程度的估计。传统实验数据处理的中心思想是“测量误差”，随着人们对测量的认识上地发展，误差的局限性愈加明显。误差的局限性主要表现在无法求得其真值和各高校间误差计算规则不同这两方面上。由此产生了现在更为合理的实验数据处理方法――测量不确定度。当然测量不确定度现在还不够完善，有待于进一步补充发展。 测量不确定度分为A类不确定度和B类不确定度。我们将它们合成可得合成标准不确定度。为了增加真值最佳估计值的可靠程度，就出现了所谓的扩展不确定度。扩展不确定度即增大置信程度的不确定度。 本文根据数据处理的要求，针对基础物理实验测量数据的处理，介绍了不确定度的概念及其评估方法。通过列举多个实例，详细阐述了如何用不确定度将基础物理实验的测量数据进行正确处理。关键词： 数据处理 不确定度 不确定度的分类 实例Abstract There are two data-processing requirements, that the best estimate value of true measured value and reliability of estimates for the best estimate value of true value.the central idea of traditional data processing is "measurement inaccuracy". As the understanding in measurement developmented,the limitation occurred in "measurement inaccuracy". The limitation in "measurement inaccuracy" mainly express in these two aspects ,that can't get true value indeed and the rule for calculate "measurement inaccuracy" is different between the universities.Produced the present experimental data processing method----- measurement Uncertainty. Measurement Uncertainty include type A and type B evaluation of uncertainty. we combined them to gain combined standard uncertainty. So as to increse the reliability for the best estimate value of true measured value,comes expanded uncertainty. The uncertainty that Increase the confidence level is expanded uncertainty . According to the data of the central idea of this article, For basic physics experimental data processing, introduced the concept of uncertainty and uncertainty assessment .Through list many examples, Understand that how to use the experimental uncertainty of the measurement of basic physical data correctly. Keywords: data processing;uncertainty; The classification of measurement uncertainty;model.目 录中文摘要 i英文摘要 ii目录 iii第一章 绪论 11.1 数据处理的要求 11.2 数据处理的方法与发展 1第二章 测量不确定度的定义与来源 22.1 测量不确定度的定义 22.2 测量不确定度的来源 2第三章 测量不确定度的分类 33.1 A类不确定度 33.2 B类不确定度 43.3 合成不确定度 43.4 扩展不确定度 5第四章 应用实例分析 64.1 测量空心圆柱体的体积 64.2 金属丝杨氏弹性模量的测定 74.3 空气中声速测定的不确定度评定 104.4 牛顿环干涉实验的不确定度评定 11第五章 结语 13致谢 14参考文献 15 |
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发表于 16:21